水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪發電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)銘牌容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)總和。它是(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)***重要(yao)的(de)(de)特征值之一，包括工(gong)(gong)作容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、備用(yong)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、檢修容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和受(shou)阻(zu)(zu)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。在(zai)中(zhong)國常將同(tong)(tong)(tong)一計算時(shi)(shi)段(duan)內的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、備用(yong)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和檢修容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)之和稱為必需容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文年、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)季節中(zhong)，隨著水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)運行狀態(tai)以(yi)及(ji)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)要(yao)求不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，這(zhe)些容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可能(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)，而(er)且在(zai)一定的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，它們(men)之間是(shi)(shi)可以(yi)相(xiang)互轉化(hua)的(de)(de)。工(gong)(gong)作容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)隨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)及(ji)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)負荷要(yao)求而(er)變化(hua)，豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大)和負荷大時(shi)(shi)，工(gong)(gong)作容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大，相(xiang)應(ying)備用(yong)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)些；枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao))和系(xi)統(tong)(tong)負荷小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，工(gong)(gong)作容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，備用(yong)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可大些。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)檢修，一般(ban)安排在(zai)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)季，故枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)季檢修容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大。庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)低時(shi)(shi)或低水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)在(zai)汛期下(xia)泄(xie)流量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大時(shi)(shi)，由于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)減小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，可能(neng)(neng)出現(xian)受(shou)阻(zu)(zu)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)愈(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，受(shou)阻(zu)(zu)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)愈(yu)大。
水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站裝機容(rong)量(liang)的(de)大(da)小決定于水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)能量(liang)指標(biao)、水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站在系統中(zhong)的(de)地(di)位(wei)和作用及其技術經(jing)濟特性(xing)。
水電(dian)站的能量(liang)(liang)指(zhi)標 能量(liang)(liang)指(zhi)標包括******出力和多年平均年發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)，是決定其(qi)裝機容量(liang)(liang)的基礎。水電(dian)站以其(qi)能量(liang)(liang)參(can)加電(dian)力系(xi)統電(dian)力電(dian)量(liang)(liang)平衡(heng)，以核定其(qi)容量(liang)(liang)和電(dian)量(liang)(liang)的效(xiao)益。
水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)在(zai)系(xi)統中的(de)(de)地位(wei)和作(zuo)用(yong) 其(qi)(qi)地位(wei)和作(zuo)用(yong)決定(ding)(ding)于(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)年(nian)內的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)在(zai)系(xi)統日負(fu)荷(he)圖上(shang)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)位(wei)置及擔負(fu)系(xi)統備用(yong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)小。當能量(liang)(liang)(liang)一定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)在(zai)系(xi)統負(fu)荷(he)大(da)(da)月份(容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)平衡控制月份)的(de)(de)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)愈(yu)(yu)多，其(qi)(qi)裝機容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)愈(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)；水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)在(zai)日負(fu)荷(he)圖上(shang)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)位(wei)置愈(yu)(yu)靠近尖峰(feng)(feng)，即水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)在(zai)一天內的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)愈(yu)(yu)少，擔負(fu)調(diao)峰(feng)(feng)任(ren)務愈(yu)(yu)多，其(qi)(qi)裝機容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)愈(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)，但水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)在(zai)一天內的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)，決定(ding)(ding)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統尖峰(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)歷時(shi)(shi)(shi)；水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)擔負(fu)系(xi)統的(de)(de)備用(yong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)愈(yu)(yu)多，其(qi)(qi)裝機容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)愈(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)。所以水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)裝機容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)遠大(da)(da)于(yu)******出力(li)，裝機容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)******出力(li)的(de)(de)比(bi)值往往達到(dao)2～5，甚至(zhi)更大(da)(da)。
水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)在系統中的(de)(de)(de)地(di)位和作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，受其(qi)調(diao)節能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)約。具(ju)有季(ji)(年)調(diao)節能(neng)力(li)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)，才有可能(neng)將(jiang)其(qi)能(neng)量較多(duo)地(di)分配到負(fu)荷(he)(he)大的(de)(de)(de)月份，并能(neng)擔(dan)(dan)負(fu)事故備用(yong)(yong)(yong)。具(ju)有日(ri)(ri)調(diao)節以(yi)上(shang)調(diao)節能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)，才能(neng)擔(dan)(dan)負(fu)系統日(ri)(ri)負(fu)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)尖峰負(fu)荷(he)(he)和負(fu)荷(he)(he)備用(yong)(yong)(yong)。具(ju)有不******日(ri)(ri)調(diao)節能(neng)力(li)、無調(diao)節或(huo)(huo)下游有航(hang)運基荷(he)(he)要求的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)，只能(neng)分別擔(dan)(dan)負(fu)系統日(ri)(ri)負(fu)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)腰荷(he)(he)或(huo)(huo)基荷(he)(he)，裝機容(rong)量相應受限(xian)制(zhi)。
水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)技術經(jing)濟(ji)特(te)(te)性 與(yu)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)相比(bi)，水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)具有(you)起停快、運行靈(ling)活(huo)，適宜于調(diao)峰和擔負(fu)系統備用容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)技術特(te)(te)性；且(qie)當壩(ba)高已定(ding)時(shi)(shi)，增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)費用低于火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(約為火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)1/2)和增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)相應增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，從(cong)而(er)有(you)節約火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)燃料的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)特(te)(te)性。故在一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)條件下，增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)經(jing)濟(ji)。故水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)年利用小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(即多年平均年發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)值)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)年負(fu)荷因數(shu)(裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)年利用小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)除以(yi)8760h)，一般比(bi)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)小(xiao)。調(diao)節性能較好的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，且(qie)系統水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)又不大時(shi)(shi)，其裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)年利用小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)可(ke)至3000h或(huo)更小(xiao)。調(diao)節性能較差，且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)較大時(shi)(shi)，水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)年利用小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)可(ke)在5000h以(yi)上。
裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)選擇 常(chang)規方法(fa)是擬定水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)不同的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)和(he)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)程(cheng)序(xu)方案，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)經濟(ji)評(ping)價，評(ping)價中應包括與裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)有(you)(you)關的(de)(de)(de)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路及輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)損失。當規劃期內將有(you)(you)若干個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)投產時，必須進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)選擇，此時若獨立地(di)(di)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)個別電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)選擇，常(chang)常(chang)帶來謬誤(wu)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果。常(chang)規方法(fa)是，******行(xing)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)選擇，然后(hou)再進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)間裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)配(pei)。影響水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)群(qun)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)分(fen)配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)技術經濟(ji)因素為：①輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距離長的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)宜(yi)小些。②長引水(shui)道的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)調峰性能較差(cha)，且增加(jia)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)費(fei)用(yong)較大(da)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)不宜(yi)過(guo)大(da)。③有(you)(you)綜合(he)利用(yong)限制(如航運基(ji)荷要(yao)(yao)(yao)求)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)將受限制。④增加(jia)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)所增加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)宜(yi)適(shi)(shi)當大(da)些。⑤地(di)(di)面廠房電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)增加(jia)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)比地(di)(di)下(xia)廠房增加(jia)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)有(you)(you)利。⑥梯級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)分(fen)配(pei)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)照顧到容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)協調及運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)。⑦為了(le)補償調節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)，某些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)宜(yi)適(shi)(shi)當加(jia)大(da)。
優(you)化(hua)方(fang)法是應(ying)用(yong)優(you)化(hua)模型(xing)(xing)，進(jin)行規劃期(qi)水(shui)火(huo)電(dian)站(zhan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容(rong)量優(you)化(hua)，含裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容(rong)量及(ji)逐(zhu)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機程序(xu)。模型(xing)(xing)可(ke)用(yong)動態規劃或(和(he))線(xian)性規劃構造。由于電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統負荷不斷加(jia)大，電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統聯網，系(xi)統內火(huo)電(dian)大機組和(he)核電(dian)機組不斷增(zeng)多，以(yi)及(ji)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量指標隨著(zhu)梯級調節(jie)和(he)跨(kua)流域補償(chang)調節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現可(ke)能(neng)有較大改善等原因(yin)，水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)合理裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容(rong)量應(ying)隨時間(jian)推移而加(jia)大。世界上有不少(shao)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)都采(cai)用(yong)分期(qi)建設的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案，或在(zai)完建若干年(nian)后進(jin)行擴建以(yi)擴大裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容(rong)量。
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